cyanescens despite its vastly dissimilar appearance. It has also been shown that Psilocybe weraroa (previously known as Weraroa novae-zelandiae) is very closely related to P. azurescens and allies, and the other consisting of P. There is phylogenetic evidence that there are two distinct clades in the complex, one consisting of P. weraroa, and these relatives are collectively referred to as the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex" or as the "caramel-capped psilocybe complex," due to their extremely similar appearance and habit. (Psilocybin cannot be oxidized directly, but is quickly converted via enzymatic action to psilocin at injury sites which can then be oxidized, so even specimens with little psilocin still generally blue.) Psilocybe cyanescens in situ This staining is due primarily to the oxidation of psilocin. This staining is most noticeable on the stem (which is white when undisturbed) but can also occur on other parts of the mushroom, including the gills, cap, and mycelium. cyanescens generally bruise blueish or blue-green where damaged, and the staining remains visible after drying. In 2012, an epitype from Hamburg, Germany was designated. cyanescens, pleurocystidia are common and their shape is identical to those known from the United States. However, pleurocystidia are present in the holotype collection (but not easily to observe since hymenium is collapsed). According to some authors, the holotype collection of the species from Kew Gardens featured no pleurocystidia, but North American collections are characterized by common clavate-mucronate pleurocystidia. cyanescens has elliptical spores which measure 9–12 x 5–8 µm. cyanescens specimens do have a cobwebby veil which may leave an annular zone in maturity. There is no distinct annulus, but immature P. The lamellae are adnate, and light brown to dark purple brown in maturity, with lighter gill edges. Most parts of the mushroom, including the cap and Lamellae (gills, underneath the cap) can stain blue when touched or otherwise disturbed, probably due to the oxidation of psilocin. The color of the pileus is rarely seen in mushrooms outside of the P. Caps generally measure from 1.5–5 cm (½" to 2") across, and are normally distinctly wavy in maturity. Psilocybe cyanescens spores DescriptionĪppearance Psilocybe cyanescens has a hygrophanous pileus (cap) that is caramel to chestnut-brown when moist, fading to pale buff or slightly yellowish when dried. cyanescens contain approximately the same concentration of psilocin and psilocybin as natural examples do. Many of the cultivation techniques used with other members of the genus Psilocybe can be used to grow P. Mycelium can also be propagated via stem butt transplantation. Psilocybe cyanescens mycelium is much easier to grow than actual fruits are, can be grown indoors, and is robust enough that it can be transplanted in order to start new patches. cyanescens is grown less frequently than some other psilocybin containing mushrooms. The combination of poor yield and difficulty may explain why P. Yield per pound of substrate is low when compared to other psilocybin containing mushrooms for both indoor and outdoor cultivation. Outdoor cultivation in an appropriate climate is relatively easy. Due to the fruiting requirements of the species, it is challenging but possible to get P. Psilocybe cyanescens, like many other psilocybin containing mushrooms, is sometimes cultivated. Cultivationįruiting begins with simulation of a fall environment, at temperatures between 10-18 ☌ (50-65 ☏).
#Psilocybe cyanescens spore print color Patch
Psilocybe cyanescens can sometimes fruit in colossal quantity more than 100,000 mushrooms were found growing in a single patch at a racetrack in England. However, since most people find them overly bitter and they are too small to have great nutritive value, this is not frequently done. cyanescens are water-soluble, the fruiting bodies can be rendered non-psychoactive through parboiling, allowing their culinary use. Since all the psychoactive compounds in P. The mushroom is not generally regarded as being physically dangerous to adults. She had begun collecting the species as early as 1910. A formal description of the species was published by Elsie Wakefield in 1946 in the Transactions of the British Mycological Society, based on a specimen she had recently collected at Kew Gardens. It belongs to the family Hymenogastraceae. The main compounds responsible for its psychedelic effects are psilocybin and psilocin. Psilocybe cyanescens (sometimes referred to as wavy caps or as the potent Psilocybe) is a species of potent psychedelic mushroom.
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